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Moral Letters Vol I

Seneca

§ Section 5

On the first cause

65:5

Book Subtitle: Seneca's timeless letters of advice and wisdom.

Book Description: Full of insight and wisdom, Seneca's letters are a Stoic treasure. They've influenced famous philosophers, leaders, and students over the centuries. Each letter can be read on its own. By reading this volume you'll absorb the thoughts of a thoughtful Stoic aimed at living well.

5.

Now I shall show you what this last means.

Bronze is the “first cause” of the statue, for it could never have been made unless there had been something from which it could be cast and moulded.

The “second cause” is the artist; for without the skilled hands of a workman that bronze could not have been shaped to the outlines of the statue.

The “third cause” is the form, inasmuch as our statue could never be called The Lance-Bearer or The Boy Binding his Hair, had not this special shape been stamped upon it.

The “fourth cause” is the purpose of the work.

For if this purpose had not existed, the statue would not have been made.