Back to On instinct in animals

Moral Letters Vol III

Seneca

§ Section 17

On instinct in animals

121:17

Book Subtitle: Seneca's timeless letters of advice and wisdom.

Book Description: The final volume of Seneca's moral letters. Common Stoic themes emerge again and again: the unreliability of fortune, the ability to form Stoic resolve, and the importance of virtue.

17.

First of all, the living being is adapted to itself, for there must be a pattern to which all other things may be referred.

I seek pleasure; for whom?

For myself.

I am therefore looking out for myself.

I shrink from pain; on behalf of whom?

Myself.

Therefore, I am looking out for myself.

Since I gauge all my actions with reference to my own welfare, I am looking out for myself before all else.

This quality exists in all living beings—not engrafted but inborn.