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Moral Letters Vol III

Seneca

§ Section 11

On the vitality of the soul and its attributes

113:11

Book Subtitle: Seneca's timeless letters of advice and wisdom.

Book Description: The final volume of Seneca's moral letters. Common Stoic themes emerge again and again: the unreliability of fortune, the ability to form Stoic resolve, and the importance of virtue.

11.

Every living thing exists as it began, until death; a man, until he dies, is a man, a horse is a horse, a dog a dog.

They cannot change into anything else.

Now let us grant that Justice—which is defined as “a soul in a certain attitude,” is a living thing.

Let us suppose this to be so.

Then Bravery also is alive, being “a soul in a certain attitude.” But which soul?

That which was but now defined as Justice?

The soul is kept within the first-named being, and cannot cross over into another; it must last out its existence in the medium where it had its origin.